This effect occurred via a credible reduction in the mean number of spins which outweighed any potential increases in bet sizes. In the slowed-down condition there was a credible reduction in the amount gambled. UK residents, aged 18 years and over and with experience in playing online roulette (N=1,002), were recruited from an online crowdsourcing panel. This research experimentally investigated the speed-of-play proposal subject to a £2 stake limit, in an online experiment using incentivized payouts based on £4 endowments and a commercial online roulette game, which was slowed-down in one condition to enforce a speed-of-play limit of one spin every 60 seconds. Another policy proposal is to limit the maximum stakes on online casino games to £2, to match the current stake limit on electronic gambling machines. One recent policy proposal is to ensure that no online casino game can be played faster than its in-person equivalent. UK online casino games are presently not subject to any limitations on speed-of-play or stakes. These findings can help guide further sports betting research, contribute to an improved understanding of the potential universality of gambling product design, and inform policy. Future research could further assess the extent to which these structural characteristics contribute to fixed-odds sports bettors spending excessive amounts of time and money while betting. The aim was to review previous research on contemporary fixed-odds sports betting products, and to identify whether structural characteristics from the EGM literature are also relevant to sports betting.Methods: Structural characteristics uncovered by two influential reviews of EGMs were identified, and their relevance to fixed-odds sports betting products discussed via a narrative review.Results: Structural characteristics of payout interval / potential betting frequency (in-play betting), multiplier potential (accumulators, complex bets, multis), win probability and payout ratio (all bets), bettor involvement (custom sports betting products, cash out), skill required (all bets), and near-misses (accumulators, complex bets, multis) were all identified in modern fixed-odds sports betting products.Discussion and conclusions: Fixed-odds sports betting products have increasingly incorporated structural characteristics previously found in EGMs. Despite some differences between these gambling products, similar structural characteristics could also be relevant to sports betting. Fixed-odds sports betting products, where bettors place sports bets against a bookmaker, have also seen significant innovations in recent years. The most important structural characteristic with respect to the number of games played in a session was the event frequency of the game followed by the maximum amount won on a single bet in a session.īackground and aims: A literature exists on the structural characteristics of electronic gambling machines (EGMs), which are design innovations that can promote spending excessive time and money on these games. The results also showed that only 7.7% of the variance in the number of bets placed in a session was explained by the game's structural characteristics alone. A machine learning tree-based algorithm with structural characteristics and session metrics explained 26% of the variance of the number of games played in a session. The sample comprised 763,490 sessions between Novemand Aputilizing data from 43,731 players. The authors were given access to data from a large European online gambling operator with players from Germany, Austria, UK, Poland, and Slovenia. The present study investigated the association between structural characteristics and online gambling behavior in an ecologically valid setting using data from actual gamblers. To date, the association between structural characteristics and behavior has not been studied in an online gambling environment. The most important factors along with individual susceptibility and risk factors of the individual gambler are the structural characteristics such as the speed and frequency of the game (and more specifically event frequency, bet frequency, event duration, and payout interval). Structural characteristics of games have been regarded as important aspects in the possible development of problematic gambling.
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